add example from scott's initial version

.clang-format

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+    "BasedOnStyle": "LLVM",
+    "UseTab": "Always",
+    "IndentWidth": 8,
+    "TabWidth": 8,
+    "LineEnding": "LF",
+    "RemoveBracesLLVM": true,
+    "AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType": "AllDefinitions",
+    "BreakBeforeBraces": "Custom",
+    "BraceWrapping": {
+	"AfterFunction": true,
+	"AfterClass": false,
+	"AfterControlStatement": false,
+	"AfterNamespace": false,
+	"AfterStruct": false,
+	"BeforeElse": false,
+	"BeforeCatch": false
+    }
+}

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-client.txt
-server.txt
-main
+old/client.txt
+old/server.txt
+old/main

STYLE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Project Coding Style
+
+**Subject to change, let's please discuss this.**
+
+This is a less extreme version of the style I generally follow, and unless someone has a much better style I would
+like to use this one for code we will be collaborating on. Feel free to ignore this if you plan for your own code to
+be entirely your responsibility.
+
+Also don't swear on anything we expect to present to the professor.
+
+**Please install the [C/C++ Extension Pack](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack) and [clang-format](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=xaver.clang-format) for Visual Studio Code.**
+
+Follow the instructions in the previous link to set up the  correctly.
+
+## TL;DR
+
+Call files `.cc` instead of `.c` or `.cpp` and use `.h` headers for everything.
+
+If you follow the setup instructions you should be fine. Otherwise:
+
+Use [BSD Kernel Normal Form (KNF)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentation_style#BSD_KNF) for function bodies
+and [Kernighan & Ritchie (K&R)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentation_style#K&R) style (with a few modifications stated in **General Guidelines**) everywhere else.
+
+## Existing Literature
+
+I recommend skimming over these for inspiration.
+
+- [Names](https://research.swtch.com/names) - Russ Cox
+- [Notes on Programming in C](http://doc.cat-v.org/bell_labs/pikestyle) - Rob Pike
+
+## General Guidelines
+
+- Use 8-width tabs, not spaces, for indentation.
+- If you copy code from online, copy it by hand.
+- Use [K&R style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentation_style#K&R) for indentation and brace placement where possible.
+  - When writing function bodies:
+	- return type goes on its own line,
+	- function name() is on a line below that, and
+	- open bracket `{` after that.
+	- `for`, `if`, `while`, etc. statements that only contain one line 
+- Use `/* comments */` for permanent comments, `// comments` for temporary ones e.g. `TODO`'s or notices
+- **Try to make every line 120 characters wide or less.**
+- Start source files as `.cc` straight away, even if they're pure **C**.
+
+### C++-specific guidelines
+
+- file extension: `.cc`, `.h`
+- C++ strings are fine
+- Vectors are fine
+- Use `printf` and co., not `std::cout`, unless somehow absolutely necessary
+- `fstream`s for input/output/log files are fine
+- Use C's `struct`s instead of objects unless you really really need an object.
+- Use C-style type casting where possible
+
+TL;DR pretend you're using C with basic modern conveniences. **When in doubt, ask.**
+
+### Naming and Abbreviations
+
+The length of a function name, variable name, et cetera should be directly proportional to its importance and lifetime.
+
+#### Don't
+
+- abbreviate global variables,
+- mention the data type in a variable name,
+- use a full word where an abbreviation will do
+  - (especially not in a variable that will die 5 lines later),
+- use single-letter abbreviations for anything that lasts more than 15 lines, or
+- abbreviate a word when an apt abbreviation does not exist.
+
+#### Do
+
+- abbreviate extremely short-lived variables to one letter,
+  - e.g. `for (int index=0, index<10, i++)` -> `for (int i=0, i<10, i++)`
+- break any rule if following it ruins the readability
+
+## Source File layout
+
+```C++
+/* C++ includes */
+#include <iostream>
+
+/* C (.h) includes */
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* local header includes */
+#include "unicorns.h"
+
+/* "using" directives */
+using namespace std;
+
+/* global constants */
+const int life = 42;
+
+/* global variables */
+int degrees = 90;
+
+/* function prototypes */
+int div_numb(int n, int d);
+
+/* main function body */
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int numerator = 32;
+	int denominator = 16;
+	int result;
+	
+	puts("What is 32 divided by 16?");
+	
+	result = div_numb(32, 16);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* other function bodies */
+int
+div_numb(int n, int d)
+{
+	return n / d;
+}
+```
+
+

formatting-configs/.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+charset = utf-8
+indent_style = tab
+indent_size = 8
+tab_width = 8
+end_of_line = lf
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+[*.{c,cc,cpp,h,hpp}]
+
+# Unbraced single-statement blocks
+cpp_remove_braces_for_single_line_control_statements = true
+resharper_cpp_remove_braces_for_single_statements = true
+resharper_cpp_add_braces_for_single_line_if = false
+
+# Enforce BSD KNF for function bracess
+cpp_new_line_before_open_brace_function = new_line
+resharper_cpp_brace_style = next_line
+resharper_cpp_function_definition_braces = next_line
+
+# Enforce K&R for everything else
+cpp_new_line_before_open_brace_namespace = same_line
+cpp_new_line_before_open_brace_type = same_line
+cpp_new_line_before_open_brace_block = same_line
+cpp_new_line_before_open_brace_lambda = same_line
+cpp_new_line_before_else = false
+cpp_new_line_before_catch = false
+resharper_cpp_namespace_declaration_braces = end_of_line
+resharper_cpp_type_declaration_braces = end_of_line
+resharper_cpp_control_transfer_braces = end_of_line

formatting-configs/clang-format.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+    "BasedOnStyle": "LLVM",
+    "UseTab": "Always",
+    "IndentWidth": 8,
+    "TabWidth": 8,
+    "LineEnding": "LF",
+    "RemoveBracesLLVM": true,
+    "AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType": "AllDefinitions",
+    "BreakBeforeBraces": "Custom",
+    "BraceWrapping": {
+	"AfterFunction": true,
+	"AfterClass": false,
+	"AfterControlStatement": false,
+	"AfterNamespace": false,
+	"AfterStruct": false,
+	"BeforeElse": false,
+	"BeforeCatch": false
+    }
+}

formatting-configs/clang-format.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# BSD KNF funcs + K&R blocks + other stuff
+# Requires clang-format >=16
+BasedOnStyle: LLVM # defaults
+UseTab: Always
+IndentWidth: 8
+TabWidth: 8
+LineEnding: LF # unix
+
+RemoveBracesLLVM: true # single-statement blocks
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: AllDefinitions # KNF functions
+
+BreakBeforeBraces: Custom
+BraceWrapping:
+  AfterFunction: true # KNF
+  AfterClass: false # K&R
+  AfterControlStatement: false # K&R
+  AfterNamespace: false # K&R
+  AfterStruct: false # K&R
+  BeforeElse: false # K&R
+  BeforeCatch: false # K&R

modified-example.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+/*an attempt at pthread and network and ncurses all in the same function
+ */
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <curses.h>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <vector> //try to make the program work without this without doing anything awful but do it later
+
+using namespace std;
+
+const int PORT_NUM = 8888;
+const string IP_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
+const int DEFAULT_CUR_X = 2; // the x position of the preferred default cursor
+			     // position for message entry
+const int DEFAULT_CUR_Y = 12; // the x position of the preferred default cursor
+			      // position for message entry
+
+int mode = 0; // what mode is this program in. 0 = nothing. 1 = server. 2 = client
+int serverSocketDescriptor; // a global variable for storing the server socket
+			    // descriptor.
+int clientSocketDescriptor;
+vector<int> clientSocketDescriptors; // a global vector for storing client
+				     // socket descriptors
+
+// keep track of the session time using global variables
+struct timeval start1, end1;
+
+// also keep track of the amount of data sent as well
+int bytesRead, bytesWritten = 0;
+
+const int LOG_LENGTH = 10; // number of text log file lines to display
+int linePos = 0; // counter for what current position to use in the file
+
+string logFileName; // the name of the log file
+
+pthread_t client_wait_thread;
+
+int writeToFile(string path, string line, bool incLineNum = true);
+void *waitForClient(void *argss);
+void *pollForClient();
+void *pollForSever(void *args);
+
+// clears ncurses rows in a specific region only
+void
+clearRows(int startingRow, int endingRow)
+{
+	// preserve the cursor location
+	int yBefore, xBefore;
+	getyx(stdscr, yBefore, xBefore);
+
+	for (int i = startingRow; i < endingRow; i++) {
+		move(i, 0);
+		clrtoeol(); // clear to end of line
+	}
+
+	// restore original cursor location
+	move(yBefore, xBefore);
+}
+
+// display a file using ncurses
+int
+displayFile(string path, int startLineNum = 0, int numLines = 10)
+{
+	ifstream file(path);
+	if (!file) {
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		clearRows(0, numLines + 1); // clear the chat area
+		int lineNum = 0;
+		string line;
+
+		// print each line directly to the screen
+		int num = 0;
+		while (getline(file, line) &&
+		       num <= numLines + startLineNum +
+				  1) // while there is file content and the line
+				     // number isn't too high
+		{
+			if (num >= startLineNum) {
+				move(lineNum, 0);
+				printw("%s", line.c_str());
+				lineNum++; // increment the row number after
+					   // printing each line
+			}
+			num++;
+		}
+		move(DEFAULT_CUR_Y, DEFAULT_CUR_X);
+		refresh();
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+// gets the number of lines in a file. returns -1 if there was an error.
+int
+linesInFile(string path)
+{
+	ifstream file(path);
+	if (!file) {
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		int lineNum = 0;
+		string line;
+
+		int num = 0;
+		while (getline(file, line))
+			num++;
+		return num;
+	}
+}
+
+struct waitClientArgs {
+	sockaddr_in newSockAddr;
+	socklen_t newSockAddrSize;
+	int auxInt; // used in client mode because I didn't want to make another
+		    // struct to keep track of
+};
+
+void *
+waitForClient(void *argss)
+{
+	waitClientArgs *args = static_cast<waitClientArgs *>(argss);
+	clientSocketDescriptor =
+	    accept(serverSocketDescriptor, (sockaddr *)&args->newSockAddr,
+		   &args->newSockAddrSize);
+	if (clientSocketDescriptor >= 0) {
+		writeToFile(logFileName, "client connected");
+		if (linesInFile(logFileName) > LOG_LENGTH)
+			linePos++;
+		displayFile(logFileName, linePos, LOG_LENGTH);
+	}
+	delete args; // delete to avoid memory leaks
+
+	return pollForClient();
+}
+
+void *
+pollForClient()
+{
+	char msg[1024];
+	while (1) {
+		// receive a message from the client (listen)
+		memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg)); // clear the buffer
+		bytesRead +=
+		    recv(clientSocketDescriptor, (char *)&msg, sizeof(msg), 0);
+		writeToFile(logFileName,
+			    msg); // write the client's message to file
+		if (linesInFile(logFileName) > LOG_LENGTH)
+			linePos++;
+		displayFile(logFileName, linePos, LOG_LENGTH);
+	}
+
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
+// set up a suitable server for this
+int
+setupServer(int port)
+{
+	// setup a socket and connection tools
+	sockaddr_in servAddr;
+	bzero((char *)&servAddr, sizeof(servAddr));
+	servAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+	servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
+	servAddr.sin_port = htons(port);
+
+	// open stream oriented socket with internet address
+	// also keep track of the socket descriptor
+	serverSocketDescriptor = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	if (serverSocketDescriptor < 0) {
+		// keeps from bricking the terminal if this happens
+		endwin();
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error establishing the server socket!\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	// bind the socket to its local address
+	int bindStatus = bind(serverSocketDescriptor,
+			      (struct sockaddr *)&servAddr, sizeof(servAddr));
+	if (bindStatus < 0) {
+		// keeps from bricking the terminal if this happens
+		endwin();
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error binding socket to local address!\n");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	writeToFile(logFileName, "Waiting for a client to connect...");
+	// listen for up to 5 requests at a time
+	listen(serverSocketDescriptor, 5);
+	// receive a request from client using accept
+	// we need a new address to connect with the client
+	sockaddr_in newSockAddr;
+	socklen_t newSockAddrSize = sizeof(newSockAddr);
+	// accept, create a new socket descriptor to
+	// handle the new connection with client
+	auto *aaa = new waitClientArgs{}; // it looks stupid but it works
+	aaa->newSockAddr = newSockAddr;
+	aaa->newSockAddrSize = newSockAddrSize;
+	int rc =
+	    pthread_create(&client_wait_thread, nullptr, waitForClient, aaa);
+	pthread_detach(client_wait_thread);
+	writeToFile(logFileName, "Server started sucessfully");
+	gettimeofday(&start1, NULL);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void
+closeServer()
+{
+	long e = end1.tv_sec - start1.tv_sec; /* the linter freaks out if you
+						 don't save it as a variable */
+
+	// we need to close the socket descriptors after we're all done
+	gettimeofday(&end1, NULL);
+	close(clientSocketDescriptor);
+	close(serverSocketDescriptor);
+
+	/* Don't just die silently */
+	printf("********Session********\n");
+	printf("Bytes written: %i\nBytes Read: %i\n", bytesWritten, bytesRead);
+	printf("Elapsed time: %ld\n secs\n", e);
+	printf("Connection closed...\n");
+}
+
+void
+closeClient()
+{
+	long e = end1.tv_sec - start1.tv_sec;
+
+	gettimeofday(&end1, NULL);
+	close(clientSocketDescriptor);
+	printf("********Session********");
+	printf("Bytes written: %i\nBytes read: %i\n", bytesWritten, bytesRead);
+	printf("Elapsed time: %ld\n secs\n", e);
+	printf("Connection closed...\n");
+}
+
+void *
+pollForSever(void *args)
+{
+	waitClientArgs *aaa = static_cast<waitClientArgs *>(args);
+	int socketDescriptor = (int)aaa->auxInt;
+	char msg[1024];
+	while (1) {
+		memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg)); // clear the buffer
+		bytesRead +=
+		    recv(socketDescriptor, (char *)&msg, sizeof(msg), 0);
+
+		// not needed for proofs of concept testing
+		/*if(!strcmp(msg, "exit"))
+		{
+		    writeToFile(logFileName, msg);
+		    displayFile(logFileName, linePos, LOG_LENGTH);
+		    break;
+		}*/
+		// cout << "Server: " << msg << endl;
+		// printf("Server: %s\n");
+		writeToFile(logFileName, msg);
+		if (linesInFile(logFileName) > LOG_LENGTH)
+			linePos++;
+		displayFile(logFileName, linePos, LOG_LENGTH);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+setupClient()
+{
+	// we need 2 things: ip address and port number, in that order
+	// if(argc != 3)
+	//{
+	//     cerr << "Usage: ip_address port" << endl; exit(0);
+	// } //grab the IP address and port number
+	// create a message buffer
+	char msg[1024];
+	// setup a socket and connection tools
+	struct hostent *host = gethostbyname(IP_ADDRESS.c_str());
+	sockaddr_in sendSockAddr;
+	bzero((char *)&sendSockAddr, sizeof(sendSockAddr));
+	sendSockAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+	sendSockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr =
+	    inet_addr(inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)*host->h_addr_list));
+	sendSockAddr.sin_port = htons(PORT_NUM);
+	clientSocketDescriptor = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	// try to connect...
+	int status = connect(clientSocketDescriptor, (sockaddr *)&sendSockAddr,
+			     sizeof(sendSockAddr));
+	if (status < 0)
+		writeToFile(logFileName, "Error connecting to socket!");
+	writeToFile(logFileName, "Connected to the server!");
+	int bytesRead, bytesWritten = 0;
+	struct timeval start1, end1;
+	gettimeofday(&start1, NULL);
+	auto *aaa = new waitClientArgs{}; // it looks stupid but it works
+	aaa->auxInt = clientSocketDescriptor;
+	int rc =
+	    pthread_create(&client_wait_thread, nullptr, pollForSever, aaa);
+	pthread_detach(client_wait_thread);
+}
+
+// appends a line of text to the end of a given file. returns 0 if the file
+// existed, 1 if it didn't work
+int
+writeToFile(string path, string line, bool incLineNum)
+{
+	ofstream file;
+	file.open(path, ios_base::app); // open the file in append mode
+
+	if (file.is_open()) {
+		file << line << endl;
+		// this probably would help but theres too much broken stuff
+		// right now to be sure if (incLineNum)
+		//{
+		//     linePos++;
+		// }
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		// do something if it didn't work
+		return 1; // i guess that's good enough for now
+	}
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	if (argc > 1 && argv[1][0] == 'c') {
+		// client mode
+		logFileName = "client.txt";
+		mode = 2;
+	} else {
+		// server mode
+		logFileName = "server.txt";
+		mode = 1;
+	}
+
+	// putting this lower down to circumvent the terminal brick when the
+	// socket was already in use results in all network functonality no
+	// longer working.
+	initscr();	      // creates stdscr. important step
+	use_default_colors(); // this apparently tells it to use default
+			      // terminal colors whenever there is no color
+			      // attribute applied
+
+	// printw("Starting server...");
+
+	// you have to do this to make the scrolling still work correctly if
+	// there was already content in the log file
+	linePos = linesInFile(logFileName) - LOG_LENGTH + 1;
+
+	char *userInput = new char[1024];
+	bool exit = false;
+
+	if (mode == 2) {
+		writeToFile(logFileName, "CLIENT MODE");
+		setupClient();
+	} else if (mode == 1) {
+		writeToFile(logFileName, "SERVER MODE");
+		setupServer(PORT_NUM);
+	}
+
+	while (!exit) {
+		displayFile(logFileName, linePos, LOG_LENGTH);
+
+		// scroll along the screen if and when required so that it stays
+		// in sync
+		if (linesInFile(logFileName) > LOG_LENGTH)
+			linePos++;
+
+		move(12, 0);
+		printw("> ");
+		getstr(userInput);
+		writeToFile(logFileName, userInput);
+		if (mode == 1) {
+			send(clientSocketDescriptor, (char *)userInput,
+			     strlen(userInput), 0);
+		} else {
+			send(clientSocketDescriptor, (char *)userInput,
+			     strlen(userInput), 0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	endwin();
+	closeServer();
+
+	return 0;
+}